Audit & Accounting

Most people who work for a living, either as employees or as self-employed persons, are covered by Social Security's old age, survivors and disability insurance program.As a retirement program, Social Security pays a monthly cash benefit to workers who have the equivalent of at least 40 months of work under Social Security, and who are at least 62 years old. The amount of the benefit is based on the worker's primary insurance amount. The PIA depends on how long he worked under Social Security and the amount of his Social Security wages. Social Security benefits may also be paid to a retired worker's qualifying dependents, such as a spouse, a widow or widower, and certain children. The benefits of a worker's dependents also are based on the worker's PIA.

Members of the military serving in Iraq, Afghanistan and other combat zones can now put money into individual retirement accounts, even if they received tax-free combat pay, according to the Internal Revenue Service.

After filling the top slot at the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board by naming Mark W. Olson as chairman in June, Securities and Exchange Commission chair Christopher Cox filled another gaping vacancy in July - the position of SEC chief accountant.Late last month, Cox named former Ernst & Young partner and California banking regulator Conrad W. Hewitt as the nation's top accountant, a post that had been empty for nearly 10 months since the departure of Don Nicholaisen.

In response to widespread criticism of the cost and burden of implementing Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, on internal controls, the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission has issued comprehensive guidance and principles that should help smaller companies comply.In a July Webcast that introduced the new guidance, COSO chairman Larry Rittenberg emphasized that it does not specify prescriptive solutions to internal control problems.

Taking a big step toward erecting a stronger foundation beneath the world's accounting standards, the International Accounting Standards Board and the Financial Accounting Standards Board recently issued a joint document suggesting a more clearly defined objective of financial reporting, and more clearly delineated qualitative characteristics of decision-useful financial information.The preliminary views document, the result of Phase A of the boards' conceptual framework project, eliminates small but crucial differences in the basic building blocks of the accounting principles promulgated by the boards. Decisions at this fundamental level will ripple through accounting principles established over the course of decades, and could necessitate amendments to current standards.

DePaul University's College of Commerce has launched the Center for Global Accountancy Education, Benchmarking and Research Center, which will work to improve financial accounting in the developing world by policing three specific areas: international auditing standards, financial reporting and accounting education.

An old colleague of mine from Melbourne, Australia, sent me some information that his country's financial planners have just implemented new guidelines to help prevent conflicts of interest and to improve confidence in the financial planning sector.

The Securities and Exchange Commission announced that Diego Tomás Ruiz, a long-time business executive with Spanish-language media group Univision Communications Inc., will serve as its new executive director.

A number of prominent economists and finance experts have lent their names to a call to repeal a stock option-reform measure adopted last year by the Securities and Exchange Commission.

A court has said that two documents prepared by KPMG, analyzing the tax consequences of transactions by restaurant company Yum! Brands Inc., are protected from a summons issued by the Internal Revenue Service.