Finance

The plunge in home prices in the U.S. as a result of the collapse of the subprime mortgage market may force banks and lenders to write down as much as $1 trillion from their balance sheets according to one expert.Bill Gross, who manages Pacific Investments Management Co. -- the largest bond fund in the world -- said the massive writedowns would blunt bank lending as well as force the sales of assets.

Senators Max Baucus, D-Mont. and Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa, chairman and ranking member of the Senate Finance Committee, announced they would introduce six new measures to curb offshore tax evasion. The steps include: * Lengthening the statute of limitations for prosecuting individuals who fail to file a foreign bank account report. * Clarifying IRS authority to enforce filing requirements for these reports. * Clarifying the information that must be included in these reports. * Requiring taxpayers to file the reports with their individual and corporate income tax returns. * Revising the definition of ownership to include beneficial ownership of a corporation. * Including the reports in the Tax Code section that causes the statute of limitations not to expire before three years after the taxpayer furnishes the required information. The announcement was made at a hearing to discuss the findings of the Government Accountability Office investigation into the Ugland House, a law firm's office building in the Cayman Islands and the registered home to thousands of corporations. "Plainly, there's a lot of financial activity in the Caymans," said Baucus. "There's a virtual feast going on down there. That has led to some crowded halls in the Ugland House. And up to half of those Ugland House tenants - around 9,000 entities - are Americans." The investigation into Ugland House is somewhat misguided, according to Daniel J. Mitchell, senior fellow at Cato Institute. "The implication is there can't be 10,000 businesses in this building, but where a company is registered has nothing to do with where they conduct business. Companies are registered in Delaware because they have very good corporate and tax law. No one will argue that it's not normal to go to a jurisdiction that is very well regulated and regarded and where the courts are honest, as in the Cayman Islands."

The Securities and Exchange Commission and the Federal Reserve are each pushing to gain regulatory authority over investment banks. At a hearing on Capitol Hill, SEC Chairman Christopher Cox and New York Federal Reserve President Timothy F. Geithner each outlined plans for the monitoring of commercial and investment banks. Both laid blame for the "patchwork" of regulatory agencies in lieu of one overseer for much of the current roiling of the financial markets. Cox urged lawmakers to give his agency responsibility over investment banks pointing out that the commission currently has authority over the markets in which they operate. Earlier this year, the Treasury Department proposed merging the SEC and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission into a single entity while expanding the oversight capacity of the Federal Reserve.

The House passed a bill aimed at shoring up the mortgage industry and preventing foreclosures after the president dropped his veto threat.

The Senate Finance Committee held a hearing on the use of offshore corporate tax shelters in the Cayman Islands, on the heels of hearings elsewhere in the Senate on individual tax havens in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.

Executive CPA leaders from 81 of the top 100 accounting firms in the U.S. visited Capitol Hill to discuss some of the key legislative issues confronting the accounting profession.

The tab for the proposed bailout of mortgage securities concerns Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac could run as high as $25 billion, according to an estimate released by the Congressional Budget Office.

A Senate subcommittee plans to release another blockbuster report on the use of foreign tax havens after the first reports caused repercussions both here and abroad.

Consideration of any tax reform for small business must take into account the difficulties small-business owners face when deciding how to structure their business and comply with the Tax Code’s complex requirements, said Dewey Martin, a Hampden, Maine-based CPA.Martin, who testified at the recent hearings before the Senate Finance Committee on business entities and small-business tax reform, is a small-business owner himself, as well as an advisor to 200-plus small-business owners and chair of the Accounting Department at Husson College in Bangor, Maine.

As a Senate subcommittee and the Internal Revenue Service probe the use of Swiss bank accounts as tax havens by UBS, Sen. Carl Levin, D-Mich., has called for revoking the U.S. banking license of UBS.

The presidential race has produced an interesting series of charges and counter-charges about the candidates' tax policies, and lately they've involved taxes on small business owners.

Sen. Barack Obama, D-Ill., has proposed a tax credit for small businesses that offer health insurance to their employees.

Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke and Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson expressed their support for the convergence of International Financial Reporting Standards with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Sen. Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa, ranking member of the Senate Finance Committee, provided an update this week on his correspondence with several media-based ministries about issues related to their tax-exempt status, indicating that some ministries have not been answering his questions.

The Senate Foreign Relations Committee held hearings on proposed tax treaties and protocols with Canada, Iceland and Bulgaria.

So far, 2008 has not been a year for major tax legislation.Nor, being an election year, are the remaining six months likely to offer major legislation. Two bills that did make it through Congress prior to Memorial Day included tax provisions focused on farmers and alternative energy and on military personnel and veterans. The farm legislation required the override of a presidential veto and included a procedural snafu where one of the non-tax titles of the legislation was not forwarded to President Bush along with the rest of the legislation. Barring any litigation over that issue, the enactment date of the legislation is May 22, 2008.

The Justice Department has filed papers seeking an order from a federal court in Miami, authorizing the Internal Revenue Service to request information from banking and financial concern UBS AG regarding U.S. taxpayers using Swiss bank accounts to evade taxes. The Justice Department is seeking permission to allow the IRS to serve a "John Doe" summons on the bank. In June, former UBS banker Bradley Birkenfeld pleaded guilty to conspiring to defraud the IRS by assisting UBS clients in avoiding U.S. reporting requirements on income in Swiss bank accounts. Birkenfeld admitted to conspiring with an American billionaire real estate developer, Swiss bankers and co-defendant Mario Staggl to help the developer evade paying $7.2 million in taxes by helping him conceal $200 million of assets in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. According to Birkenfeld,, UBS employees assisted wealthy U.S. clients in hiding offshore assets by creating sham entities and then filing IRS forms falsely claiming that the entities were the owners of the accounts. He also claimed that UBS had approximately $20 billion of assets under management in undeclared accounts for U.S. taxpayers. If approved, the summons would mandate UBS to produce records that identify U.S. taxpayers with accounts at UBS in Switzerland who elected to have their accounts remain hidden from the IRS.

The Treasury and Internal Revenue Service have issued Revenue Procedure 2008-35, TD 9409, and Reg. 121698-08, which update the rules regarding disclosure of tax return information by tax return preparers.The new rules provide an exception that allows a U.S. tax return preparer to obtain consent from a taxpayer to disclose a taxpayer's Social Security number to a non-U.S. tax return preparer when: The U.S. preparer makes the disclosure through the use of an "adequate data return safeguard;" the non-U.S. preparer receives the SSN via an "adequate data protection safeguard;" and the U.S. preparer verifies the maintenance of the adequate data protection safeguards in the request for the taxpayer's consent.

The Senate has confirmed three new members of the Securities and Exchange Commission by unanimous consent, restoring the SEC to its full strength of five members.

The Senate Finance Committee held hearings on reforming international tax rules, looking at the ways the federal government taxes the foreign income of U.S. taxpayers and businesses.