American accounting contains an awkward contradiction. Though 99.7 percent of the country's 4.9 million corporations are privately held, a good deal of the country's generally accepted accounting principles are primarily relevant to the financial conditions of public companies traded on equities markets.

Congress is considering new legislation that could streamline accounting procedures for tens of thousands of U.S. companies by liberalizing the rules for the use of the cash accounting method by small business taxpayers.

The General Accountability Office and the Internal Revenue Service have added their own muscle to a Public Company Accounting Oversight Board proposal that would restrict the ability of accountants to provide tax services to audit clients.

If you're a CPA, you've got a headache. In fact, you've probably got several headaches.

The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board voted to send out for comment a measure that outlines audit procedures to ferret out whether Securities and Exchange Commission issuers have fixed previously identified internal controls weaknesses. Although Sections 404 and 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act mandate that both issuers and auditors must complete an annual assessment of internal controls, the standard from the oversight body would establish a voluntary, stand-alone engagement performed only at the request of the client company at any time of the calendar or fiscal year. The public comment period will be 45 days. The rule would subsequently become final pending a vote by the SEC. Although he defined the new standard as "narrower in scope" than the PCAOB's Auditing Standard No. 2, PCAOB chairman William McDonough said, "Our proposal for a new, voluntary, auditor's engagement to attest to management's corrections of individual material weaknesses will offer companies an opportunity to provide the investing public added assurance that previously disclosed weaknesses have been corrected." While board member Daniel Goelzer said that he thinks the new proposal is important, he described it as a "narrowly drawn tool" that he hopes "will be used sparingly."

The Financial Accounting Standards Board has released FASB Interpretation No. 47, Accounting for Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations, or the costs of taking plants out of service. Under FASB's new guidance, companies would have to immediately recognize on their balance sheets the costs of work that would be needed to close a factory -- such as asbestos clean-up -- even if it's uncertain when, if or how the work would be done. Interpretation 47 is effective no later than the end of fiscal years ending after Dec. 15, 2005 (Dec. 31, 2005, for calendar-year enterprises). Copies of Interpretation 47 are scheduled to be available in April 2005, through the FASB Order Department at (800) 748-0659 or by placing an order on the FASB Web site at www.fasb.org.

The Securities and Exchange Commission named Scott Friestad to the post of associate director of the commission's Division of Enforcement. In that role, Friestad, 42, will serve as a senior official in the division and assist in planning and directing the commission's investigations and other enforcement efforts. He will report to division director Stephen Cutler. Friestad joined the regulator in 1995 as a staff attorney, and his efforts have contributed to SEC enforcement actions involving Regulation FD, public company accounting and disclosure, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, insider trading, and broker/dealer regulation. Friestad has also served as a special assistant in the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York, and was a litigator at the New York law firm of Dewey Ballantine.