A set of tax provisions that are scheduled to expire at the end of this year will change the tax landscape for many investors who will need advice on how to adjust.
Expiring tax provisions, or "sunsets," have long been a feature of the Tax Code, but they usually involve relatively minor provisions. The Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001, also known as EGTRRA, and the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003, known as JGTRRA, depart dramatically from this pattern. All the tax provisions sunset by the end of 2010, wealth management and advisory firm Cooper McManus noted.
Collectively, EGTRRA and JGTRRA reduced tax rates on ordinary income, long-term capital gains, and qualified dividends; mitigated marriage penalties; expanded the child tax credit and the child and dependent care tax credit; and phased out limitations on itemized deductions and the phase-out of personal exemptions.
With the sunset of these provisions, individual income tax rates in 2011 will revert to higher, pre-2001 levels. During the presidential campaign, President Obama said that he would make the 2001 tax cuts permanent for low- and middle-income taxpayers, and that wealthy Americans would pay more. Currently, it's expected that for individuals earning more than $200,000 or couples making more than $250,000, rates will indeed revert to pre-2001 levels.
A consortium of advisors who are representatives of and offer securities through Securities America Inc. (
#1. Catch the early bird special. In anticipation of higher tax rates, if your portfolio includes appreciated assets, this year might be a good time to take some gains off the table at the maximum capital gains rate of 15 percent, rather than the 20 percent currently slated for 2011. Investors in the 15 percent tax bracket or lower have no gains due on appreciated assets in 2010, but will face a 10 percent tax in 2011.
"In many cases, I'm recommending investors sell appreciated assets now because they will never see capital gains rates as low in their lifetime," said Don Patrick, CFP, managing director of the Atlanta-based Integrated Financial Group (
#2. Diversify retirement savings from a tax standpoint. Having taxable and non-taxable pots to draw from makes sense in an uncertain tax environment. The good news, said Jim Coleman (founder of Coleman Financial Advisory Group in Waterbury, Conn.,
Today, anyone regardless of their income can convert retirement assets from a traditional IRA to a Roth. According to Coleman, a Roth offers three major benefits: Tax-free growth that is especially attractive considering income tax rates are likely to go up in the future; tax diversification that provides flexibility in retirement income distribution planning; and no required distribution at age 70-1/2 that helps transform your retirement savings into a financial legacy.
"Obviously, converting retirement assets to a Roth would result in reportable income and trigger additional income tax - and it may be difficult to consider paying income tax on a large IRA," Coleman noted. "However, it's important to realize that you don't need to convert the entire account. While investors who converted in 2010 can spread taxes due over 2011 and 2012, those in the higher tax brackets may be better off having paid all those taxes in 2010. In promoting the extra time to pay, Uncle Sam fails to mention that the top tax bracket will increase to 39.6 percent from 35 percent in 2011. Either way, if the nation is indeed entering a long period of rising income tax rates, paying a conversion tax bill may seem like a bargain in retrospect."
#3. Use fraud losses. Because the Roth conversion is an ordinary income taxable event, taxes due can be offset by major losses due to fraud which are booked as an ordinary income loss as opposed to a capital loss, said Arthur Cooper, CFP, managing partner of Cooper McManus, a wealth management firm located in Orange County, Calif. (
Cooper noted that it's also possible to go back a few years for loss carry forwards to add to write-offs of ordinary income. "When you go back and zero-out tax liability, you save that 10-15 percent on a good chunk of the dollars," he said. "Plus, when you do a Roth IRA conversion, you convert taxable dollars into a future non-taxable income stream, so the effective tax savings is even more impactful than just zeroing out your tax liability."
#4. Rethink some standard financial planning advice. While he traditionally spends time with high level executives discussing the benefits of deferring some salary, Mike Flower (partner at Financial Principles located in Fairfield, N.J.,
In another departure, if future income tax rates truly skyrocket, Flower said tax-qualified plans may lose some of their appeal. "You still want to contribute to your workplace plan, certainly enough to qualify for any available company match, but with the question of whether you truly will be in a lower tax bracket in retirement, you might also consider funding accounts outside the tax-deferred arena for some diversity," he explains. "If your company's retirement plan offers a Roth option, you might consider that so you have a pool of money to pull from in retirement where you will not owe taxes on distributions."
Finally, while financial advisors traditionally encourage clients to make charitable contributions before the end of year, Flower said that if you are considering a substantial charitable donation, you might be better off from a tax standpoint to spread it out or defer it to the future to gain a greater tax deduction.
#5. Understand your father's dividends will cost you more. Currently, the maximum tax rate on qualified dividends is 15 percent, but that will revert to regular income tax rates in 2011. "Although President Obama has proposed a tax of 20 percent for both capital gains and dividends in 2011, if the reclassification of dividends lapses at the end of 2010, next year the top dividend rate could revert to 39.6 percent. Still others talk about a tripling of the current 15 percent rate," explains Clyde Wyatt, CLU, CFS, a director at Dallas-based Navigation Financial (
In addition, starting in 2013, the Healthcare and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 will levy a new 3.8 percent Medicare tax on investment income for individuals earning more than $200,000 or couples earning $250,000. Notably, the 3.8 percent surtax does not apply to distributions from IRAs and other qualified retirement plans like 401(k)s, 403(b)s and 457 plans, or Roth IRAs.
"Because income from tax exempt and tax deferred vehicles like municipal bonds, tax deferred non-qualified annuities, life insurance, and non-qualified deferred compensation do not count as investment income, investments in these vehicles should become more favorable relative to investments producing income subject to the tax," Wyatt added.
The net effect of the capital gain tax increase and Medicare tax will be a 23.8 percent tax rate for higher earners--the highest rate for long-term capital gains since 1997, said John Jenkins, AEP, EA, CFP, president and CEO of San Diego-based Asset Preservation Strategies (
In Jenkins' view, it's ironic that the economic impact of these tax increases will be felt by the very investors who could help promote long-term economic growth. "In 2007, taxpayers with incomes greater than $200,000 reported 47 percent of all interest income, 60 percent of all dividends and 84 percent of all capital gains," he noted. "And the Joint Committee on Taxation estimates the new Medicare tax on investments will cost high-earning taxpayers an additional $30 billion annually. Further, because the modified adjusted gross income threshold at which this Medicare tax will apply will not be indexed for inflation, going forward an increasing number of taxpayers will be snared by this tax provision."
Bottom line? The Tax Code is in a state of flux. In addition to these changes, the federal estate tax has already expired. If Congress doesn't act, estate taxes will be reinstated in 2011 at a rate of 55 percent for estates valued at more than $1 million. While portfolios have to be re-examined in light of this change and the anticipated sunsets, planning can be done only on the basis of educated assumptions. Accordingly, it's important to stay in close touch with your financial advisor so you can prepare for major changes and take advantage of any emerging opportunities.
Click to view a table that compares what income tax will look like in 2011 (after the sunset at end of 2010) with what the tax picture is today and could remain if we see a permanent extension of the 2001 and 2003:
