Audit & Accounting

Racing to find political common ground on estate tax policy before the Bush administration tax cuts expire, congressional leaders are urging Republicans and Democrats to “think outside the box” when considering reforms.Among the alternatives placed on the table for discussion during recent Senate Finance Committee hearings: proposals to tax the beneficiaries of inheritances, rather than estates, as well as options under which estate taxes would be levied based on the heir’s “access to sophisticated tax advice.”

When the Governmental Accounting Standards Board issued Statement 34, requiring government-wide accrual accounting and modified accrual accounting for governmental funds, it improved financial reporting enormously, but inevitably created some confusion.Part of that confusion was over one of the most widely used pieces of government financial information — fund balance. Grappling with vague definitions of “reserved” funds, state and local governments have been reporting restricted net assets and reserved fund balances inconsistently.

Two bills proposed in the Senate last year that take aim at tax havens and the U.S. taxpayers that operate in them have been given greater impetus by the recent European and U.S. probes into accounts in Liechtenstein that were alleged to hide assets from national taxing authorities.S. 396, introduced by Sen. Byron Dorgan, D-N.D., would prevent American companies from deferring the imposition of a second layer of tax on their foreign-source income if they operate in selected low-tax nations. It would amend the Internal Revenue Code to treat certain controlled foreign corporations created or organized under the laws of a tax-haven country as domestic corporations for tax purposes. It sets forth a list of “tax-haven” countries, and grants the Treasury authority to remove or add a country from the list.

Despite a recently issued safe harbor now available for like-kind exchanges of vacation properties, the Internal Revenue Service continues to keep taxpayers guessing on the precise boundaries of the law itself.Last September, the Government Accountability Office came out with a critical report on like-kind exchanges in which it complained that the IRS needed to give taxpayers more guidance on like-kind exchanges of second homes and vacation retreats. The GAO claimed that the IRS had agreed with its findings and had promised to release more specific guidance. The latest IRS response seems to fall short of that commitment.

Until 1991, the accounting profession was largely guided by historical cost, transaction-based accounting.Granted, fair market value and historical cost at the point of the transaction were deemed equivalent, provided that arm’s-length transactions were involved. However, those making decisions — investors, auditors and regulators — grasped that unless someone gave and accepted consideration for something, its underlying value was arguable.

As investors and regulators increasingly question the role of fair value measurements and mark-to-market accounting in contributing to the global economic downturn, a group of speakers weighed in at a panel discussion sponsored by the CFA Institute Centre for Financial Market Integrity.

CPAs who conduct valuations in the normal course of their practices are now required to comply with detailed standards.

At the Financial Planning Association business solutions conference last month, Julie Littlechild, president of Advisor Impact, presented new information based on a survey of investors about the economics of loyalty. In effect, she was showing what turns a client from satisfied-but-passive to actively engaged in the growth of an advisor’s business. “Client engagement is the outcome of a practice that is structured effectively and a driver of future growth in an advisor’s business,” she says. “Advisors can achieve a balance between a level of service that is both meaningful to their clients and profitable to then, but which encourages clients to be actively engaged in the growth of the advisor’s business.” Vanguard Financial Advisory Services sponsored the study and notes the results underscores that there is a direct economic correlation between having engaged clients and having a thriving practice. Littlechild says that of the investors surveyed (some 1,000), 17 percent were disgruntled, 19 percent were complacent, 31 percent were content, and 33 percent were “engaged.” Actually all of those in the disgruntled section had thought about switching advisors. Obviously, the thrust of any practice is to move clients into the “engaged” category because the economics of loyalty are simply too great to ignore. Keep in mind that the higher up the scale clients move—from disgruntled to complacent to content to engaged—the more services they utilize, including comprehensive financial planning, retirement income planning, tax planning, estate planning, and trust services. Also, it may go without saying that the engaged clients are more loyal clients. They are unlikely to switch advisors. So, how to get clients into this category? Littlechild offers a few tips:

A team of accounting students from Brigham Young University has captured first place honors as winners of the Deloitte National Student Case Study Competition.

PricewaterhouseCoopers has released a report showing an increase in federal class-action shareholder lawsuits last year, after two straight years of decline.